1. What are the key components of Android Architecture?
Android Architecture consists of 4 key components:
- Linux Kernel
- Libraries
- Android Framework
- Android Applications
2. What are the advantages of having an emulator within the Android environment?
- The emulator allows the developers to work around an interface which acts as if it were an actual mobile device.
- They can write, test and debug the code.
- They are safe for testing the code in early design phase
3. Tell us something about activityCreator?
- An activityCreator is the initial step for creation of a new Android project.
- It consists of a shell script that is used to create new file system structure required for writing codes in Android IDE.
4. What do you know about Intents?
- Notification messages to the user from an Android enabled device can be displayed using Intents. The users can respond to intents.
- There are two types of Intents - Explicit Intent, Implicit Intent.
5. What is an Explicit Intent?
- Explicit intent specifies the particular activity that should respond to the intent.
- They are used for application internal messages.
6. What is an Implicit Intent?
- In case of Implicit Intent, an intent is just declared.
- It is for the platform to find an activity that can respond to it.
- Since the target component is not declared, it is used for activating components of other applications.
7. What do intent filters do?
- There can be more than one intents, depending on the services and activities that are going to use them.
- Each component needs to tell which intents they want to respond to.
- Intent filters filter out the intents that these components are willing to respond to.
8. Where are lay out details placed? Why?
- Layout details are placed in XML files
- XML-based layouts provide a consistent and standard means of setting GUI definition format.
9. What do containers hold?
- Containers hold objects and widgets in a specified arrangement.
- They can also hold labels, fields, buttons, or child containers. .
10. What is Orientation?
- Orientation decides if the LinearLayout should be presented in row wise or column wise fashion.
- The values are set using setOrientation()
- The values can be HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL
11. What is it important to set permissions in app development?
- Certain restrictions to protect data and code can be set using permissions.
- In absence of these permissions, codes could get compromised causing defects in functionality.
12. What is AIDL?
- AIDL is the abbreviation for Android Interface Definition Language.
- It handles the interface requirements between a client and a service to communicate at the same level through interprocess communication.
- The process involves breaking down objects into primitives that are Android understandable.
13. What data types are supported by AIDL?
AIDL supports following data types:
-string
-List
-Map
-charSequence
and
-all native Java data types like int,long, char and Boolean
14. Tell us something about nine-patch image.
- The Nine-patch in the image name refers to the way the image can be resized: 4 corners that are unscaled, 4 edges that are scaled in 1 axis, and the middle one that can be scaled into both axes.
- A Nine-patch image allows resizing that can be used as background or other image size requirements for the target device.
15. Which dialog boxes are supported by android?
Android supports 4 dialog boxes:
a.) AlertDialog: Alert dialog box supports 0 to 3 buttons and a list of selectable elements which includes check boxes and radio buttons.
b.) ProgressDialog: This dialog box is an extension of AlertDialog and supports adding buttons. It displays a progress wheel or bar.
c.) DatePickerDialog: The user can select the date using this dialog box.
d.) TimePickerDialog: The user can select the time using this dialog box.
16. What is Dalvik Virtual Machine?
-It is Android's virtual machine.
- It is an interpreter-only virtual machine which executes files in Dalvik Executable (.dex) format. This format is optimized for efficient storage and memory-mappable execution.
17. When does onResume() method called?
onResume() method is an activity lifecycle method. This is called when the activity come to foreground. You can override this method in your activity to execute code when activity is started, restarted or comes to foreground.
18. How to launch an activity in your application?
For launching an activity, we need to create an explicit intent that defines the activity that we wish to start. In the below code snippet, the first parameter to Intent constructor is the current activity context and the second parameter is your new activity class.startActivity() method can be called on Activity context. Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
If you want to start an activity from fragment
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), SecondActivity.class);
getActivity().startActivity(intent);
19. How to define an Activity as launcher activity in application Manifest file?
All the activities used in the application should be defined in application manifest file. For launcher activity you need to define intent filter as shown in the below code snippets. <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
20. What is a ANR ?
ANR is short for Application Not Responding. Android systems shows this dialog, if application is performing too much of task on main thread and been unresponsive for a long period of time.
21. What are the measures to avoid application ANR?
ANR in application is annoying to user. It can be caused due to various reasons. Below are some of the tips to avoid ANR
Perform all you long running network or database operation in separate thread
If you have too much of background tasks, then take it off the UI thread. You may use IntentService
Server not responding for longer period can be guilt for ANR. To avoid always define HTTP time out for your all your webs service calls.
Be watchful of infinite loops during your complex calculations
22. What is the difference between a regular .png and a nine-patch image?
The nine patch images are extension with .9.png. Nine-patch image allows resizing that can be used as background or other image size requirements for the target device. The Nine-patch refers to the way you can resize the image: 4 corners that are unscaled, 4 edges that are scaled in 1 axis, and the middle one that can be scaled into both axes.
23. How to share text using android share Intent ?
Share intent is an easy and convenient way of sharing content of your application with other apps. Intent sendIntent = new Intent();
sendIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "This is my text to send.");
sendIntent.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(sendIntent);
24. What is the use of WebView in android?
A WebView is an android UI component that displays webpages. It can either display a remote webpage or can also load static HTML data. This encompasses the functionality of a browser that can be integrated to application. WebView uses the WebKit rendering engine to display web pages and includes methods to navigate forward and backward through a history, zoom in and out, etc.
25. Define different kind of context in android
Context defines the current state of application or object. Context provides access to things such as creating new activity instance, access databases, start a service, etc. You can get the context by invoking getApplicationContext(), getContext(), getBaseContext() or this when in the activity class. //Creating ui instance
ImageButton button = new ImageButton(getContext()); //creating adapter
ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getApplicationContext(), ...); //querying content provider
getApplicationContext().getContentResolver().query(uri, ...); //start activity. Here this means activity context
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
26. What are the different storage methods in android
Android offers several different options for data persistence.
Shared Preferences – Store private primitive data in key-value pairs. This sometimes gets limited as it offers only key value pairs. You cannot save your own java types.
Internal Storage – Store private data on the device memory
External Storage – Store public data on the shared external storage
SQLite Databases – Store structured data in a private database. You can define many number of tables and can store data like other RDBMS.
27. User interface types?
Views
Notifications
28. Types of notification in android?
Tost notification
Status bar notification
Dialog notification
29. How do you find any view element into your program?
Findviewbyid
30. What is handler class do in android?
Handler allows yo to send and process message and runnable objects associated with a thread’s message queue.