SQL Server Mathematical Functions
The following scalar math functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value. All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they are called with a specific set of input values. The RAND function is only deterministic when a seed parameter is specified.
Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.
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The following scalar math functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value. All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they are called with a specific set of input values. The RAND function is only deterministic when a seed parameter is specified.
Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.
| Function | Description |
| ABS | A mathematical function that returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression. Syntax: ABS ( numeric_expression ) |
| ACOS | A mathematical function that returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the specified float expression; also called arccosine. Syntax: ACOS ( float_expression ) |
| ASIN | Returns the angle, in radians, whose sine is the specified float expression. This is also called arcsine. Syntax: ASIN ( float_expression ) |
| ATAN | Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is a specified float expression. This is also called arctangent. Syntax: ATAN ( float_expression ) |
| ATN2 | Returns the angle, in radians, between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x), where x and y are the values of the two specified float expressions. Syntax: ATN2 ( float_expression, float_expression ) |
| CEILING | Returns the smallest integer greater than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression. Syntax: CEILING ( numeric_expression ) |
| COS | Is a mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cosine of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified expression. Syntax: COS ( float_expression ) |
| COT | A mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cotangent of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified float expression. Syntax: COT ( float_expression ) |
| DEGREES | Returns the corresponding angle in degrees for an angle specified in radians. Syntax: DEGREES ( numeric_expression ) |
| EXP | Returns the exponential value of the specified float expression. Syntax: EXP ( float_expression ) |
| FLOOR | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the specified numeric expression. Syntax: FLOOR ( numeric_expression ) |
| LOG | Returns the natural logarithm of the specified float expression. Syntax: LOG ( float_expression ) |
| LOG10 | Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified float expression. Syntax: LOG10 ( float_expression ) |
| PI | Returns the constant value of PI. Syntax: PI () |
| POWER | Returns the value of the specified expression to the specified power. Syntax: POWER ( float_expression, y ) |
| RADIANS | Returns radians when a numeric expression, in degrees, is entered. Syntax: RADIANS ( numeric_expression ) |
| RAND | Returns a pseudo-random float value from 0 through 1, exclusive. Syntax: RAND ( [ seed ] ) |
| ROUND | Returns a numeric value, rounded to the specified length or precision. Syntax: ROUND ( numeric_expression, length [ , function ] ) |
| SIGN | Returns the positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the specified expression. Syntax: SIGN ( numeric_expression ) |
| SIN | Returns the trigonometric sine of the specified angle, in radians, and in an approximate numeric, float, expression. Syntax: SIN ( float_expression ) |
| SQRT | Returns the square root of the specified float value. Syntax: SQRT ( float_expression ) |
| SQUARE | Returns the square of the specified float value. Syntax: SQUARE ( float_expression ) |
| TAN | Returns the tangent of the input expression. Syntax: TAN ( float_expression ) |